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電力系統

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統是由發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠、送變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路、供(gong)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所和(he)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)環節(jie)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能生產(chan)與消費系(xi)統。它的(de)(de)功(gong)能是將自然界的(de)(de)壹次能源通過(guo)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動力(li)裝(zhuang)置轉化成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，再經輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能供(gong)應到各用戶。為實現這壹功(gong)能，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統在各個環節(jie)和(he)不同層(ceng)次還具有(you)相應的(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)與控(kong)制系(xi)統，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)生產(chan)過(guo)程進行測量、調節(jie)、控(kong)制、保護(hu)、通信(xin)和(he)調度，以保證(zheng)用戶獲得(de)安全、優質的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能。

電(dian)力系統的主(zhu)體結構(gou)有電(dian)源(yuan)（水電(dian)站、火(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)、核(he)電(dian)站等發電(dian)廠(chang)），變(bian)電(dian)所（升壓(ya)變(bian)電(dian)所、負荷中心變(bian)電(dian)所等），輸電(dian)、配(pei)電(dian)線(xian)路和(he)負荷中心。各(ge)電(dian)源(yuan)點還(huan)互相(xiang)聯接以實現不同(tong)地區之間的電(dian)能交換和(he)調節，從而提高供電(dian)的安(an)全(quan)性和(he)經(jing)濟性。輸電(dian)線(xian)路與變(bian)電(dian)所構(gou)成的網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)通(tong)常稱電(dian)力網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)。

建築電氣

隨著(zhu)經濟(ji)的(de)發展(zhan)，城市(shi)建(jian)(jian)設日新月異，現代建(jian)(jian)築內部辦公專(zhuan)業設施齊(qi)全，自動化程度高，為(wei)了保(bao)證(zheng)現代建(jian)(jian)築電(dian)氣整體運行的(de)可靠性(xing)(xing)、安全性(xing)(xing)及(ji)智能化設備的(de)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)(xing)，電(dian)氣工程中的(de)強、弱(ruo)電(dian)系統(tong)安裝(zhuang)方法和安裝(zhuang)質量至關重要。

工業控制系統

隨著企業(ye)(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深入(ru)應用與日(ri)臻完善，現場(chang)控(kong)制信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)進入(ru)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)網(wang)絡(luo)實現實時(shi)監控(kong)是(shi)必然的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。為提高企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)效益(yi)和經濟效益(yi)，許(xu)多企業(ye)(ye)(ye)都(dou)在盡力建(jian)立全方位的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)系(xi)統，它(ta)必須(xu)包括生(sheng)產(chan)現場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實時(shi)數據信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)，以確保實時(shi)掌握生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)狀態(tai)，使(shi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)管理決策科學化(hua)，達到(dao)生(sheng)產(chan)、經營、管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)優化(hua)狀態(tai)。信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)壹(yi)控(kong)制壹(yi)體化(hua)將為實現企業(ye)(ye)(ye)綜合自動化(hua)CIPA（computerintegratedplantautomation）和企業(ye)(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)創造(zao)有利條(tiao)件。
企業信(xin)息(xi)(xi)網絡與控制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統在(zai)(zai)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)結(jie)構(gou)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)過(guo)程(cheng)上的(de)(de)(de)相似性不是偶(ou)然的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)控制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)過(guo)程(cheng)中，每(mei)壹種(zhong)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)出現總是滯後於(wu)相應(ying)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。實(shi)際上，大(da)多(duo)數情況下，正是在(zai)(zai)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)領域(yu)壹種(zhong)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)出現以後，人們才開始研究如何將這(zhe)種(zhong)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)用於(wu)控制(zhi)(zhi)領域(yu)。鑒於(wu)兩種(zhong)應(ying)用環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)差異，其中的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)細節(jie)作(zuo)了(le)適當修改和補(bu)充，但關(guan)鍵技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)原理及實(shi)現上，它們有許(xu)多(duo)共同的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)。正是由於(wu)二者在(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)種(zhong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)，使得(de)實(shi)現信(xin)息(xi)(xi)壹控制(zhi)(zhi)壹體(ti)化成為可能。